Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengohlobo olutsha lwemveliso yokuqinisa,izikhonkwane ezidibeneyobaye bafumana ukuqondwa ngokukhawuleza kwemarike kunye nokuthandwa ngabathengi ngenxa yogcino lwabo lomsebenzi, olulungeleyo, olusebenzayo kunye neempawu ezikhuselekileyo, kwaye babonise intsingiselo yophuhliso olukhawulezayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokwandiswa kwebholiti yemveli, ineenzuzo ezimbini ezibalaseleyo.
Okokuqala, isikhonkwane esidibeneyo sinamandla aso kwaye akufuneki ukuba sidibaniswe nombane okanye igesi. Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye iyaphatheka kwaye inokugqiba umsebenzi wokuqinisa ngokufanelekileyoumpu weenziphokunye ne-fastener edibeneyo.
Okwesibini, akukho mfuneko yokwemba indawo ephakamileyo, ukwakhiwa kulungeleka kwaye ngokukhawuleza, ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi kuphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa kuphuculwe kakhulu (ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-20), kwaye iindleko zokwakha ziyancipha kakhulu.
Okwangoku, izikhonkwane ezidibeneyo kwimarike zinokuhlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu ngokwezinto zazo: izikhonkwane ezidibeneyo eziqhumayo eziqhumayo, izikhonkwane ezidibeneyo ze-nitrocellulose, kunye ne-nitrocellulose.“multi-base eqhumayo”izikhonkwane ezidibeneyo. Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zintathu zezikhonkwane ezidibeneyo, kwaye kufuneka sikhethe njani?
Ukuqamba
1.1iziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini zenziwe nge-nitrocellulose (NC, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-nitrocellulose) kunye ne-nitroglycerin (NG), ubukhulu becala kwifom yegranular. Igranulariziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini kufuneka zenziwe nge-nitrocellulose ehlangabezana neemfuno ze-GJB 3204A-2020 kunye ne-nitroglycerine ehlangabezana neemfuno ze-GJB 2012-1994 njengezona zinto ziphambili, kwaye akufanele iqulethe iziqhushumbisi, i-metal powders, i-catalysts evuthayo, iziqhushumbisi eziqinileyo kunye nee-oxidants ezithintelweyo. Kugqitywe ngurhulumente. Ineempawu zamandla aphezulu, i-hygroscopicity ephantsi, ukuzinza komzimba okuhle, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-ballistic.
1.2 I-Nitrocellulose (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-single-base explosive) yenziwe kuphela yi-nitrocellulose kwaye ubukhulu becala i-cylindrical. Iziqhushumbisi ze-cylindrical single-base kufuneka zenziwe nge-nitrocellulose ehlangabezana neemfuno ze-GJB 3204A-2020 njengeyona nto iphambili, enomxholo we-nitrogen ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-12.60%. Akufunekanga ziqulathe iziqhushumbisi, umgubo wesinyithi, izinto zokutshisa, iziqhushumbisi eziqinileyo okanye ii-oxidants kunye namalungu anamandla angavunyelwanga ngurhulumente. Ilula ngokwentelekiso.
1.3 I“iziqhushumbisi ezineziseko ezininzi”eneneni yongeza izixhasi zamandla, ii-oxidants ezomeleleyo, kunye ne-nickel hydrazine nitrate (i-oxidant enqatshelwe ngurhulumente) kunye nezinye izinto kwisiseko somgubo esinye ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokufezekisa isiphumoiziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini. . Isizathu esisisiseko kukuba umxholo we-nitrogen we-nitrocellulose esetyenzisiweyo ungaphantsi kakhulu kune-12.60%. Ngokukodwa xa ixutywe neziqhushumbisi kunye nesiseko esisodwa sompu, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza i“iziqhushumbisi ezineziseko ezininzi”bahlupheke kakhulu. Iingozi ezininzi zokhuseleko ezenzeke kwilizwe liphela kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo zizifundo ezibuhlungu. Ukongeza ii-oxidants ezithintelweyo kunokubandakanya ukwaphula okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo ezintathu zeziqhushumbisi,iziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini ziphezulu kwaye zinokhuseleko olukhulu kunye nokuzinza.
Imbonakalo
2.1 Inkangeleko yesikhonkwane esidibeneyo esiqhumayo sezinto ezimbini simnyama kancinci.
2.2 Izikhonkwane ezidityanisiweyo ze-nitrocellulose kunye “iziqhushumbisi ezisekwe kwizinto ezininzi”abe nenkangeleko ecocekileyo kwaye akukho kungcola, kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo ebomvu nemhlophe.
2.3 Isiqhushumbisi sesikhonkwane esidibeneyo soqhushumbo sikwimo yeegranules.
2.4 I-Nitrocellulose kunye nento ebizwa“uqhushumbo olusekwe kaninzi”izikhonkwane ezidibeneyo zininzi zi-cylindrical.
Ukusebenza
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi ezimbini, iindleko zokwenziwa kwezikhonkwane ezidityanisiweyo eziqhumayo zebhinari ziphezulu kancinci, kodwa ukhuseleko lwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kugqwese ngakumbi, kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwezi nkalo zine zilandelayo.
3.1 Inamandla amakhulu, ukungaguquguquki okuhle, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye neemeko ezibanzi zokusetyenziswa. Inokudibana neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ngakumbi iimeko zamandla aphezulu, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lulungileyo.
3.2 Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, i-detonator ibekwe ezantsi kwegobolondo kwaye ifuna indlela ethile yokuqhawula. Noko ke, ekhoyo ebizwa“iziqhushumbisi ezisekwe kaninzi”yongeza amacandelo e-detonator kwiziqhushumbisi, ezifuna imveliso ephezulu, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Nakuphi na ukukhutshwa okanye impembelelo ngexesha lezi nkqubo kunokubangela iingozi ezimandundu zokhuseleko kwaye zenze iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko.
3.3 Imveliso inozinzo oluhle.iziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini zikwazi ukumelana nokufuma okuphezulu kakhulu, musa ukufunxa ukufuma emoyeni, kwaye phantse ungaze ubambe umlilo. Into ebizwa“iziqhushumbisi ezisekwe kaninzi”zinehygroscopic kakhulu kwaye azikwazi ukuqhushumba, zibangela imililo engalunganga. Ngenxa ye-exothermic reaction eyenzeka xa ukufuma kufunxwa, kukho ingozi yokutsha okuzenzekelayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobushushu.
3.4iziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini zinobubele kakhulu kwimipu yezikhonkwane, azigqwali, kwaye azikhethi malunga nezixhobo, ngelixa kuthiwa“iziqhushumbisi ezineziseko ezininzi”yonakalisa kakhulu izibhamu ze-nail kwaye yenza izixhobo zingasebenzi, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa kunye nokunyusa iindleko. Ezona ngozi ziyingozi kakhulu kukuhlwa kwezikhonkwane kunye nezixhoma zentsimbi. Isitshixo kuzo zonke iinjongo zokwakha ukuqina kukuqina kunye nexesha lezikhonkwane kunye nee-hangers zetsimbi. Ngenxa yomhlwa, kulula ukuwa okanye ukuwa, kubangele ilahleko yempahla okanye ubomi, nto leyo efana nolwaphulo-mthetho!
Ukuqukumbela
Kuyo yonke imbali yophuhliso lwemipu kunye neembumbulu kwihlabathi liphela, indlela yokuqala + yokudubula isiqhushumbisi iseyeyona ndlela iphambili yoluntu. Ezinye iindlela, ezinjengokudibanisa iziqhushumbisi neziqhushumbisi, azinabunzululwazi kunye nokusebenza. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo zendalo,iziqhushumbisi ezinesiseko esiphindwe kabini zingqinwe amakhulu eminyaka kwaye azinakuphinda zithathelwe indawo ngokokhuseleko, uzinzo nokuthembeka.
Ke ngoko, ukukhetha ukuqhushumba kwesiseko esiphindwe kabiniidityanisiwe Izikhonkwane ngokuqinisekileyo lolona khetho lwakho lufanelekileyo kunye nobulumko!
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2024
